The Knowledge Hub
Practical troubleshooting guides for working analytical chemists — HPLC, UHPLC, LC-MS, GC, and reagent prep. Each guide is diagnostic-first and linked to the tool that resolves it.
Molecular and Equivalent Weights of Common Compounds
Chemical NameMolecular FormulaMolecular Weight (g/mol)Equivalent Weight (g/equiv)Acetic AcidCH3COOH60.0560.05Ammonium Sulfate(NH4)2SO4132.14132.14Calcium CarbonateCaCO3100.0950.05Citric AcidC6H8O7192.1264.04Citric Acid (monohydrate)C6H8O7. H2O210.1470.05Hydrochloric AcidHCl36.4636.46Lactic AcidC3H6O390.0890.08Malic AcidC4H6O5134.0967.05Nitric AcidHNO363.0163.01Phosphoric AcidH3PO498.0032.67Potassium HydroxideKOH56.1156.11Sodium Acetate C2H3NaO282.0382.03Sodium Cholate,…
Preparation of 0.25 M Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Solution
Overview Calculation procedure Parameter Value Required volume 1000 mL Molecular weight of NaOH 39.997 g/mol Concentration of 0.25 M Sodium Hydroxide 1.00%…
Preparation of 2X YT Media
Overview Reagents Required Equipment Preparation Step 1: To prepare 1000 ml of 2 X YT medium, weigh out 16 g tryptone, 10…
HPLC Peak Shape Problems: Tailing, Fronting, Splitting and Broadening
Splitting, fronting, tailing or broadening? Identify the peak shape first, then work the likely causes in order. A practical HPLC diagnostic guide…