The Knowledge Hub
Practical troubleshooting guides for working analytical chemists — HPLC, UHPLC, LC-MS, GC, and reagent prep. Each guide is diagnostic-first and linked to the tool that resolves it.
Why Your HPLC Peaks Are Tailing: Causes and a Diagnostic Path
Figure 1. Symmetric versus tailing peak. A symmetric peak sits near As 1.0; the tailing peak shows the slow trailing edge produced…
High Backpressure in HPLC: 8 Root Causes and How to Diagnose Each One
Figure 1. The HPLC flow path. Disconnecting components in sequence from the detector back towards the pump localises the restriction. High system…
Signal-to-Noise Ratio for LOD: How to Measure and Use It in Chromatography
connectivity probe
LOD Calculation: How to Determine the Limit of Detection Using ICH Q2 Methods
The limit of detection is calculated as LOD = 3.3σ/S, where σ is the standard deviation of the response and S is…
Limit of Detection (LOD): What It Means and How It Differs from LOQ
The limit of detection is the lowest analyte concentration that a procedure can reliably distinguish from a blank, but not necessarily measure…
Ethanol
Molecular Formula: C2H6O, C2H5OH CAS: 64-17-5 Synonyms: Ethanol, Alcohol, Ethyl, Grain Alcohol Molecular Weight: 46.07 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass: 46.041864811 Da Exact Mass: 46.041864811 Da Solubility:…
Understanding Size Exclusion Chromatography Techniques
If you’re delving into the world of chromatography, you might have come across a technique called size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This method…
Understanding RF Values in Chromatography Techniques
The retardation factor, RF, is the migration coordinate used in planar chromatography. In TLC, HPTLC and paper chromatography it expresses how far…
How to Develop an HPLC Method: A Step-by-Step Practical Guide
Introduction Developing an HPLC method is one of the most fundamental skills in analytical chemistry. Whether working in pharmaceutical analysis, bioanalysis, environmental…
Chromatography Resins: Types, Properties and How to Select the Right Resin
A chromatography resin is the particulate stationary phase packed into a chromatographic bed: a base matrix, a defined particle size, an internal…
What is Void Volume in Chromatography?
Void volume (V0) is the volume of mobile phase inside the column — the space between and within the packing particles that…
HPLC Column Care and Maintenance: How to Protect, Monitor and Store a Column
HPLC column care is the set of preventive practices that keep the packed bed, the inlet frit and the stationary phase in…